Practica musica not responding12/24/2022 This addressing scheme is known as the Internet Protocol address, or the IP Address. It does this by using another addressing scheme that can logically identify every node connected to the Internet. The Network layer of the OSI model is responsible for packet delivery from end to end. Or to put it another way, the role of Layer 2 is to deliver packets from hop to hop. The overarching function of the Data Link layer is to deliver packets from one NIC to another. A Switch’s primary responsibility is to facilitate communication within Networks (this idea will be expanded upon in a later article in this series). Each NIC is pre-configured with a MAC address by the manufacturer in fact, it is sometimes referred to as the Burned In Address (BIA).Īside from your NIC, a Switch also operates at this layer. The MAC address uniquely identifies each individual NIC. There is an addressing system that exists at Layer 2 known as the Media Access Control address, or MAC address. Layer 2 will then group together those 1’s and 0’s into chunks known as Frames. Your WiFi NIC works the same way, receiving and transmitting radio waves which are then interpreted as a series of 1’s and 0’s. It receives signals from the wire, and transmits signals on to the wire. The Network Interface Card (NIC) that you plug your Ethernet wire into handles the Layer 2 functionality. Effectively, Layer 2 is responsible for putting 1’s and 0’s on the wire, and pulling 1’s and 0’s from the wire. The Data Link layer of the OSI model is responsible for interfacing with the Physical layer. If four devices are connected to a single Hub, anything sent by one device gets repeated to the other three. These are commonly used in large WiFi deployments, where a single WiFi network is “repeated” throughout multiple access-points to cover a larger range.Ī Hub is simply a multi-port Repeater. In the case of Fiber, bits are transferred in the form of pulses of light.Īside from the physical cable, Repeaters and Hubs also operate at this layer.Ī Repeater simply repeats a signal from one medium to the other, allowing a series of cables to be daisy chained together and increase the range a signal can travel beyond the single cable limit. In the case of Wifi, bits are transferred in the form of radio waves. In the case of Ethernet, bits are transferred in the form of electric pulses. The actual format of the data on the “wire” can vary with each medium. Simply put, Layer 1 is anything that carries 1’s and 0’s between two nodes. As such, WiFi, despite it not having a physical, tangible presence, is also considered a Layer 1 protocol. But don’t get too caught up on the word “Physical” - this layer was named in the 1970s, long before wireless communication in networking was a concept. An example would be your Ethernet cable or Serial Cable. This layer represents the physical medium which is carrying the traffic between two nodes. The Physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for the transfer of bits - the 1’s and 0’s which make up all computer code. In the rest of this article, we will look at each of the individual layers of the OSI model and their individual responsibility. When combined together, each function contributes to enables full computer to computer data communication. The OSI model is divided into seven different layers, each of which fulfills a very specific function. Much like a car is composed of independent functions which combine to accomplish the end-goal of moving the car forward: A battery powers the electronics, an alternator recharges the battery, an engine rotates a driveshaft, an axle transfers the driveshaft’s rotation to the wheels, and so on and so forth.Įach individual part can be independently replaced or worked on, and as long as each individual part is functioning properly, the car moves forward. It is a set of seven independent functions which combine to accomplish the end-goal of Computer to Computer communication. The Open Systems Interconnect model (OSI Model) explains all the individual functions that are necessary for the Internet to work. Use the navigation boxes to view the rest of the articles. This article is a part of a series on Packet Traveling - everything that happens in order to get a packet from here to there.
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